abstract：:Mortality rates for cancers of 13 sites in 34 countries were analysed using two data reduction techniques, factor and cluster analysis. Factor analysis identified two independent underlying factors which appear to influence cancer mortality patterns. The first factor, which appears to be related to affluence, may repr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Groves FD,Zavala DE,Correa P

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was made in five rural districts of Kwara State, Nigeria to assess the possible use of 'leopard skin' (Ls) as a rapid diagnostic technique for estimating the endemicity of African onchocerciasis. The findings revealed that there is a positive association between the percentage of subjects with skin microfilari...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Edungbola LD,Alabi TO,Oni GA,Asaolu SO,Ogunbanjo BO,Parakoyi BD

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid autoantibodies (TAA) to either microsome or thyroglobulin were measured in 1251 samples from the general population, 546 males and 705 females, aged 40 or over in Hisayama, a Japanese rural town. TAA was positive in 7.7% of men ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Okamura K,Nakashima T,Ueda K,Inoue K,Omae T,Fujishima M

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the major identified risk factors for breast cancer was assessed using data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 1108 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 1281 control subjects with a spectrum of acute conditions unrelated to any of the established or pot...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： La Vecchia C,Decarli A,Parazzini F,Gentile A,Negri E,Cecchetti G,Franceschi S

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mortalities from selected causes from 1973 to 1982 among Koreans, Chinese, and Americans residing in Japan were compared with those of Japanese. In the Korean population, besides the well-documented excess in mortalities from liver cancer, lung cancer, liver cirrhosis and male tuberculosis, a rather prominent elevatio...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kono S,Isa AR,Ogimoto I,Yoshimura T

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune adherence haemagglutination assay (IAHA), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. Rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the IAHA correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determinati...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bota CN,Anderson RK,Goyal SM,Charamella LJ,Howard DR,Briggs DJ

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a population-based cohort study in Southern Brazil, 87.3% of 5914 liveborn infants were followed for over 12 months. The 215 infant deaths occurring in this cohort were studied in relation to birthweight, gestational age and socioeconomic status. Causes of death were ascertained through the review of case notes and...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Victora CG,Barros FC,Vaughan JP,Teixeira AM

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of diet in relation to disease raise methodological challenges considerably more complicated than in most epidemiological investigations. Diet is not a single exposure, but rather a complex set of many intercorrelated continuous variables. Moreover, these variables are likely to have non-linear relationships w...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Willett W

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is usually necessary to estimate repeatability of a self-administered questionnaire from responses by subjects on just two occasions. It is shown that it is not possible to estimate false positive and false negative classification rates separately, but that an average correct classification can be calculated. This ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chinn S,Burney PG

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper contains part of the results of a repetitive and comprehensive analysis of accidents among bus drivers. In a series of articles different aspects of the aetiology of bus drivers' accidents will be highlighted. The results presented indicate a strong negative association of experience with accident risk, mod...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Blom DH,Pokorny ML,van Leeuwen P

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between risk of cervical neoplasia and various sociodemographic, reproductive and sexual characteristics was studied in 126 women (cases) with an abnormal Papanicolaou test finding and 1914 controls seen at the same clinic in which cases were detected but showing no evidence of cervical neoplasia. All...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zaninetti P,Franceschi S,Baccolo M,Bonazzi B,Gottardi G,Serraino D

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At the request of the COMAC EPID committee of the Commission of the European Communities the author visited all the countries of the EEC except Luxembourg in 1983-84 in order to prepare a report on 'Upgrading in epidemiology'. The report was presented at a meeting organized by COMAC EPID in April 1984 and subsequently...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Pemberton J

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the degree and type of changes in adolescent smoking status that occurred over an eight-year period, when the group was in grades four to six, to late adolescence and early adulthood. Where changes in smoking occurred, they were more likely to be in the direction of increased (57.7%), as compared t...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Pederson LL,Lefcoe NM

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two controlled, double blind field trials of a non-living promastigote vaccine against New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (NWCL) were conducted in 1981 and 1983 in Brazil. Brazilian Army conscripts were randomly assigned to the vaccine or placebo groups and tested during their training in the Amazon jungle, a high risk...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Antunes CM,Mayrink W,Magalhaes PA,Costa CA,Melo MN,Dias M,Michalick MS,Williams P,Lima AO,Vieira JB

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In September 1665, an outbreak of plague occurred in Eyam, a small village 10 miles west of Sheffield, in an isolated valley of Derbyshire. Eighty per cent of the population died during the 14 months of the epidemic, a greater proportion than any other community in England. When plague threatened to cause panic and de...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Coleman MP

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The paper reports on the trends of induced abortion in Italy since its legalization in 1978. Data collected through the national surveillance system show that the abortion rates and ratios in Italy, after an initial increase, have been stable in the last four years, and are comparable to those of other European countr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Figà-Talamanca I,Grandolfo ME,Spinelli A

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several conditions, whose timely and appropriate therapy should decrease case fatality, have been proposed as indicators of medical care quality for the National Health Service. Mortality rates for these diseases vary widely within the UK. To evaluate the contribution of varying incidence rates to these mortality diff...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bauer RL,Charlton JR

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Samples of East African tribesmen from two separate locations were compared with respect to a number of anthropometric, cardiovascular and biochemical variables. The major finding was a large, significant difference in mean triglyceride levels between the groups (0.97 vs. 0.67 mmol/l; p less than 0.001), the mean plas...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Robinson D,Day J

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maps of 14 cancer types in China appear to show distinctive geographical distributions, but principal components analysis reveals that they share an underlying pattern which reflects variations in urbanization. Differences in risk factors between rural and urban areas, the process of disease transition and geographica...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Haynes R

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A person to person outbreak of hepatitis A is described: 90 cases of hepatitis A occurred in a small town in Calabria, southern Italy; all cases were under 18 years of age with the highest age-specific incidence rate in the 6-10 year age group. Transmission was identified by tracing close contacts with other incubatin...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Greco D,De Giacomi G,Piersante GP,Bibby L,Nicastro M,Cavalcanti P

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Age-standardized cancer death rates in Puerto Rican-born males and females residing in New York City have been calculated for 1979-81, and compared with those for white non-Puerto Rican-born people. For all population groups the rates in 1979-81 have been compared with rates in 1969-71. For some cancer sites, in parti...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Rosenwaike I,Shai D

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of death certification rates from various cancers or groups of cancers in broad Italian geographical areas (north/centre/south) was analysed. In both sexes, total cancer mortality was considerably elevated in the north of the country compared to southern regions (around 70% for males and 30% for femal...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Facchini U,Camnasio M,Cantaboni A,Decarli A,La Vecchia C

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are certain health risks associated with recreational exposure to bacteriologically polluted water. In this study, 27% (21/77) of swimmers who took part in a snorkel swimming event, experienced gastrointestinal symptoms within 48 hours of entering the untreated water. The incidence of these symptoms was statisti...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Philipp R,Evans EJ,Hughes AO,Grisdale SK,Enticott RG,Jephcott AE

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This discussion of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in less developed countries covers incidence/prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, sequelae, future trends, and new opportunities for STD control -- technological changes, health service changes, and social and political changes. For most countries, current, pop...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Brown ST,Zacarias FR,Aral SO

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Workers in the corn wet-milling industry are exposed to grain dusts, pesticides and fumigants, acids, solvents, sulphur dioxide, and other chemicals used in the manufacture of starch, oil, syrup, and dextrins. In a preliminary investigation of the long-term health effects of occupational exposures in this industry, de...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Thomas TL,Krekel S,Heid M

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A matched case-control study among cervical cancer patients in Denmark was conducted to evaluate the possible influence of radiation therapy on leukaemia risk. Among 25718 women treated between 1943-1977, 27 cases of leukaemia occurred one or more years after diagnosis. Four controls were matched to each case on age, ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Storm HH,Boice JD Jr

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous investigations have established that the Mexican-American community of south Texas has a three- to five-fold elevated risk for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus when compared to the US population as a whole. In addition, evidence points to similarly increased risks of the related disorders, hypertension...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hanis CL,Ferrell RE,Schull WJ

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A generalized least squares regression approach is proposed for the analysis of data arising from experimental studies involving cluster randomization and non-experimental studies in which the major treatment factor corresponds to a characteristic which applies at the cluster level. This approach is more flexible than...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Donner A

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper examines methods for estimating the efficiency of measles and pertussis notification with particular reference to England and Wales. Crude estimates are obtained from a comparison of annual numbers of births and notifications, and this approach is modified to include detailed age-specific data. Other source...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Clarkson JA,Fine PE

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinants of individual cases, and the determinants of incidence rate. If exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it: they will only identify markers of susceptibility. The corresponding s...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Rose G

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Examinations of 'healthy' men in Helsinki and in rural west and east Finland in 1956 included estimation of total cholesterol and that in the HDL and beta fractions separated by electrophoresis. Vital status to the end of 1980 has been ascertained for all but eight of the 526 men aged 35-61 and for all but two of 261 ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Keys A,Karvonen MJ,Punsar S,Menotti A,Fidanza F,Farchi G

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood samples from 382 children between the ages of one and 15 years were tested for anti-chlamydial antibody. A low prevalence of antibody against Chlamydia trachomatis was found among children under the age of seven years. Antibody against the Chlamydial agent C IOL-207 was rare before the age of five years, but was...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Burney P,Forsey T,Darougar S,Sittampalam Y,Booth P,Chamberlain R

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 10-year prospective study of Hawaii Japanese males with partial gastrectomy shows that the age-adjusted mortality rates in men with partial gastrectomy were slightly higher than in those with an intact stomach, but the difference failed to achieve statistical significance. This excess of mortality is due, in part, t...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Stemmermann GN,Heilbrun L,Nomura A,Rhoads GG,Glober GA

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One hundred consecutive patients with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer and an equal number of age- and sex-matched orthopaedic patients as hospital controls were interviewed about demographic, socioeconomic, biometric and medical variables. Cholecystectomy was significantly more frequent among cases than con...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Papadimitriou C,Day N,Tzonou A,Gerovassilis F,Manousos O,Trichopoulos D

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ratio of test statistics has been used to compare the efficiency of matched and unmatched designs, and stratified and pooled analyses for case-control studies. The index has been computed for a wide range of population conditions and it is concluded that (a) pooled analysis is always more efficient than stratified...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Choi BC,Howe GR

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mortality rates from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in Australia for the period 1969-78 have been analysed by place of residence, occupation and country of birth. Large variations were found among subpopulations. Throughout the period IHD mortality was lowest among professional and farming occupations and highest among...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gibberd RW,Dobson AJ,Florey CD,Leeder SR

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine the resource implications of two potential health services aimed at preventing congenital toxoplasmosis: a screening service involving serological surveillance for toxoplasma infection in pregnant women and its prophylactic treatment; and a health education campaign to help pregnant women avoid acquiring to...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Henderson JB,Beattie CP,Hale EG,Wright T

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An extensive area of rural Ireland was monitored in detail for natural background radiation (NBR); average background radiation values were derived for all District Electoral Divisions (DEDs) in this area. Cancer mortality rates were calculated for the DEDs aggregated according to average NBR. No association was appar...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Allwright SP,Colgan PA,McAulay IR,Mullins E

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:John Snow was a genius in epidemiology. His achievement was to evolve an elegant, internally and externally consistent theory which concerned the mechanisms and processes involved in every aspect of the subject he had chosen to study. In order to do this he did not restrict himself to any method. He used all skills av...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Cameron D,Jones IG

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Management of medical services necessitates decisions regarding the possibly ineffective treatment programmes, hospitals and (even) individual practitioners. Although rigorous evaluations of effectiveness can only be achieved by randomized trials there has been, in recent years, much increase in audit (or peer review)...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： West RR,Willis JD

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00